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Cross-media in Italian on the policies of European institutions and governments of European Union countries

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How European leaders secured key breakthroughs at the Rome G20

31-10-2021 17:32

Europolitiche

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How European leaders secured key breakthroughs at the Rome G20

Risultati concreti dal vertice del 30/31 ottobre a Roma per Von der Leyen, Merkel, Macron e Draghi. Rafforzata con Biden la partnership euroamericana

EU/ENG - The Rome G20 Summit in 2021 proved to be a major global showcase for Italy on October 30th and 31st, as the world’s most powerful leaders gathered for the event. This summit also marked the first face-to-face meeting in two years among the leaders; the previous year's summit, hosted by Saudi Arabia, had been held virtually due to the pandemic."

What is the G20?

The G20 (Group of Twenty) is an international forum that brings together the world's major economies, including both industrialized and emerging nations, alongside key international institutions. Collectively, the G20 members account for over 80% of global GDP, 75% of international trade, 60% of the world's population, and 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Members of the Group of Twenty

The members include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, India, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Turkey, the United States, and the European Union. Spain is also invited every year as a permanent guest. Furthermore, the leaders of major international organizations, such as the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, are regularly invited to participate.

Key Milestones Under the Italian Presidency

Under Italy's leadership, the presidency organized 175 events, 20 ministerial meetings, and three leaders' summits. Two of these leaders' summits were conducted virtually, focusing specifically on the pandemic and the crisis in Afghanistan, while the third was the concluding in-person face-to-face summit.

The Themes

Italy structured the proceedings around three core thematic pillars: People, Planet, and Prosperity. The summit was heavily dominated by climate change discussions, serving as a crucial prelude to the COP26 climate conference in Glasgow. The agenda also addressed the global economic recovery following the pandemic, soaring energy prices, supply chain disruptions, the global vaccination campaign, and the implementation of a 15% global minimum tax rate for multinational corporations.

The Summit Proceedings

While US President Joe Biden flew to Rome for the occasion, Chinese President Xi Jinping, Russian President Vladimir Putin, and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida were notable absentees, officially remaining at home due to pandemic-related concerns. However, the highest echelons of the European institutions were present, including Ursula von der Leyen and Charles Michel, alongside the leaders of Europe's major powers: the host, Mario Draghi (Shown in the photo below) ; French President Emmanuel Macron; German Chancellor Angela Merkel; and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, representing Spain as a permanent guest.

The most significant achievement of the summit was an agreement on climate action, which faced intense, down-to-the-wire negotiations. Ultimately, the leaders reached a consensus to cap global warming at the critical threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius.

The Role of European Diplomacy

The images of the entente cordiale displayed during the joint press conference between the President of the European Commission and US President Joe Biden resonated globally. Under the leadership of Ursula von der Leyen, the Europeans secured a landmark agreement with Washington to resolve the protracted trade dispute—a protectionist legacy inherited from the Trump administration—concerning US tariffs on European steel and aluminum exports, while concurrently bringing an end to the long-standing Boeing-Airbus subsidy conflict.

Meanwhile, French President Emmanuel Macron extracted a formal apology from President Biden regarding the AUKUS trilateral pact, which had abruptly replaced a multi-billion-dollar French submarine contract with Australia in favor of an Anglo-American supply framework.

Angela Merkel, attending her final G20 summit, characterized the proceedings as pivotal; demonstrating her signature diplomatic fair play, she was seen actively introducing Olaf Scholz—her highly anticipated successor in Berlin—to world leaders, signaling continuity in German foreign policy.

As the host, Mario Draghi masterfully engaged across all diplomatic fronts, capitalising on the relentless sherpa diplomacy deployed by the Italian delegation during the climate negotiations. This effort yielded substantial dividends, most notably the collective commitment to cap global warming at the critical 1.5-degree Celsius threshold and the adoption of a "mid-century" target for net-zero emissions—a timeline historically resisted by China and Russia, both of which remain anchored to a 2060 horizon.

Furthermore, the Italian presidency successfully drove the enforcement of a multilateral framework to reallocate 275 billion dollars—out of a total 650 billion—in International Monetary Fund Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) to developing nations. The summit also reaffirmed the pledge by advanced economies to mobilize 100 billion dollars annually from 2020 through 2025 to finance the energy transition of emerging markets.

Of particular diplomatic note was Draghi's strategic rapprochement with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, marking a significant normalization of ties only months after the Italian Prime Minister had publicly labeled him a dictator.

 

Analists Associates @Europolitiche.it*

*This text is a think tank policy note and does not constitute a journalistic article.

3153-g20-italy-301021.jpeg

EU/ITA -  Il Vertice G20 di Roma del 2021 ha rappresentato una grande vetrina globale per l'Italia nei giorni del 30 and 31 ottobre, quando i leader più potenti del mondo si sono riuniti per l'evento. Questo vertice ha segnato anche il primo incontro in presenza dopo due anni tra i leader; il summit dell'anno precedente, ospitato dall'Arabia Saudita, si era infatti svolto in modalità virtuale a causa della pandemia.

Che cos’è il G20?

È un Gruppo di 20 nazioni, che riunisce i paesi più ricchi, le economie emergenti ed alcune istituzioni internazionali. Il G20 rappresenta oltre l’80% del Pil mondiale, il 75% del commercio globale, il 60% della popolazione del pianeta e il 75% delle emissioni di gas serra. 

I membri del Gruppo dei Venti

Argentina, Australia, Brasile, Gran Bretagna, Canada, Cina, Francia, Germania, Giappone, India, Indonesia, Italia, Messico, Russia, Sudafrica, Arabia saudita, Corea del Sud, Turchia, Stati Uniti, Unione Europea. La Spagna viene invitata come ospite permanente ogni anno. Inoltre, vengono invitati i leader delle principali organizzazioni internazionali, come le Nazioni unite e il Fondo Monetario Internazionale.

Cosa è avvenuto sotto la presidenza italiana?

Sono stati organizzati 175 eventi, 20 incontri ministeriali e tre tra i leader (due dei quali avvenuti in formato virtuale e incentrati sulla pandemia e sull’Afghanistan; il terzo sarà il faccia a faccia finale questo fine settimana). 

I temi

L’Italia ha organizzato i lavori seguendo tre «pilastri tematici»: persone, pianeta e prosperità. Il summit sarà dominato dalle questioni relative ai cambiamenti climatici, in vista della Cop26 di Glasgow che inizia lunedì 1 novembre. In agenda sono stati trattati anche temi legati alla  ripresa economica dopo la pandemia, dell’aumento dei prezzi dell’energia e della difficoltà delle forniture, della campagna di vaccinazioni a livello mondiale, di una tassa minima globale del 15% per le grosse corporation.

Il summit

Biden è volato  Roma, assenti invece, ufficialmente per la pandemia, il leader cinese Xi Jimping, il russo Putin e il giapponese Kishida . All'appello presenti i vertici delle Istituzioni europee, Von der Leyen e Michel, e naturalmente i leader dei grandi paesi : Draghi, padrone di casa, il francese Macron e la tedesca Merkel nonchè lo spagnolo Sanchez in rappresentanza della Spagna, paese non G20 ma sempre invitato a questi summit.

Il risultato più iportante è stata l'intesa sugli aspetti che riguardano il clima, su cui si è negoziato fino all'ultimo: il vertice ha trovato l'accordo sul tetto massimo di 1,5 gradi per il riscaldamento globale. 

Il ruolo degli europei

Le immagini dell'entente cordiale in conferenza stampa tra la presidente della Commissione Ue e il Presidente Usa Biden hanno fatto il giro del mondo. Gli europei portano a casa con Von der Leyen una intesa con gli americani per superare la disputa, ereditata dall'amministrazione Trump, sui dazi alle esportazioni Ue negli Usa di acciaio e alluminio e la fine della disputa Boeing-Airbus. Macron ha incassato da Biden le scuse riguardo la fornitura anglo-americana all'Australia ai danni della Francia di una miliardaria dotazione di sottomarini. La Merkel, nel suo ultimo G20, ha definito cruciale il vertice ed è apparsa, con consueto fair play, intenta a presentare ai grandi Scholz, suo probabile successore al governo a Berlino. Draghi ha ovviamente giocato a tutto campo, cercando di capitalizzare l'incessante lavoro degli sherpa italiani sul negoziato climatico, riuscendovi sul fronte dell'impegno a stabilire un tetto massimo di 1,5 gradi per il riscaldamento globale e sulla scadenza di "metà del secolo" per emissioni zero, notoriamente avversata da cinesi e russi da tempo fermi sul target del 2060. Appare riuscito l'enforcement della presidenza italiana per erogre 275, su 650 complessivi, miliardi di diritti speciali di prelievo del Fondo Monetario internazionale ai paesi in via di sviluppo nonchè confermano l'impegno da parte dei paesi sviluppati di mobilitare 100 miliardi di dollari all'anno dal 2020 al 2025 per sostenere la transizione energetica delle economie emergenti. . Di particolare rilievo la ricucitura diplomatica di Draghi con Erdogan, leader turco definito pochi mesi addietro dittatore dal premier italiano.  

 

Analisti associati @europolitiche.it*

*This text is a think tank policy note and does not constitute a journalistic article. - Questo testo è una nota di analisi del think tank e non costituisce un articolo giornalistico.


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